Change the text of a label by choosing the text tool button from the tool bar and then clicking on a label. To stop editing the label, click anywhere outside of the label text. Add text to the block by choosing the text tool button from the tool bar and then clicking on a open area. Type the new text. To change the font, highlight the text, pull down the Format menu and click on the Font menu item.
To change the text color of a label, use the pointer tool to highlight a label and then click on the Text Color palette button to choose the color. Change the width of a field by clicking on the field. Then drag one of the handles small black boxes around the field to re-size the field. For exampe, on the employee form, you may wish to make the SEX field wider to accomodate the capital letter 'M'. Use the Zoom In tool to zoom in to the form e. Or use the Zoom Out tool to zoom out of the form.
Optionally, clicking on an object with the right mouse button will bring up a small menu which has the Properties menu item on it. Each type of object has a slightly different set of properties.
There are numerous other properties that affect the fonts, colors, size and position of objects in the block. The "source code" for a form is stored in a file with a. Compiled forms have a. It is desirable to maintain separate subdirectories folders for forms associated with different projects.
The above figure is simply an example. Fill in a file name in the File Name: field. Be sure it ends with. For this example, use the file name employee. If you are working on a form and wish to save it under a different file name, follow the same steps as above, only select the Save As menu item in place of the Save menu item.
For example, if you have finished working on the Employee form and wish to save off a copy before adding some code or programming some program units, the Save As menu item can be used to save off a copy before proceeding.
Building or compiling the file creates the. To compile a form, first make sure the form is saved. Pull down the Program menu and select the Compile menu item. Then choose All in the flyout menu.
If a form has errors e. A record of the compilation process, including error messages, is kept in a file with a. For example, if the form is named employee then the record of the compilation will be stored in employee. If the forms generation is successful, the phrase Module built successfully will appear on the status bar at the bottom of the screen. Alternatively, Oracle Forms defaults to automatically building the form each time it is executed run from the forms designer as will be demonstrated in the next step.
For more details on the default behavior, pull down the Tools menu and check the Preferences menu item. The form will display in a new window. The Oracle Runform program is executed by passing in the name of the form employee. Use the various menus and items to query the form, enter new data and save new and changed data. Please read the section below on Query By Example to see how to query data from the underlying tables and populate the fields in the form.
In Oracle Forms 6 and 6i, the. In this mode the Forms server handles the processing of the business logic and interacts with the user interface elements that run in the Java Application. An example of a simple Employee data entry form running in a Java Application is shown below: Another option for running Oracle forms is to run them within a web browser as a Java Applet.
Below is an example of the same data entry form running as a Java Applet inside of the Netscape Navigator web broswer. Forms 6i provides a simple test web page located under the Oracle Forms 6i program group called "Run a Form on the Web".
One can make use of that to test if the Forms server, load balancer, and web server on the middle tier are running correctly. Please note that getting Oracle Forms and Reports to run in this fashion is not a trivial undertaking. The above discussion is meant as a basic introduction to the Java Application and Applet features of Oracle Forms.
It is beyond the scope of this tutorial to present the details for configuring servers and services to provide this capability.
Please refer to the on-line documentation that comes with FOrms 6i for more detailed descriptions and configuration instructions. That is, the blank form will appear with no data in the fields.
This is similar to running a word processor where the opening screen is blank. From this blank or empty form, the user can immediately begin to enter new data records by simply typing them in. However, in may cases, the user would first like to see if there are any records in the database.
To do this, the user must query the database using the query capabilities that are built into every Oracle form. This will bring a copy of the records from the database into the form.
In QBE, the name of the table or tables is fixed as are the names of the columns that will be returned from the tables. The user can supply their own criteria by supplying values for the fields. These values become part of the query that is submitted to the database on behalf of the user.
Querying a form in Oracle Forms is a two step process. In enter query mode, the form is cleared and the user can navigate in the various fields. Example values can be supplied as criteria for the query.
Clicking on the Query button a second time executes the current query using any supplied data as criteria in a WHERE clause. If no criteria are supplied, then all records in the table will be displayed. Pressing the F8 function key executes a query. To see a list of keys and their functions, pull down the Help menu and choose the Keys option.
Once data has been queried, it is retrieved from the database and stored in a buffer in the associated data block on the form. This means that a local copy of the data now exists in the client's memory.
Appropriate locks are placed on the data so that the client maintains a consistent view of the data in the associated tables. The user can navigate through the data in a block by pressing the up and down arrow keys to scroll between records. To change data in a form, the user can TAB to the field of interest, and type over the existing data. To enter new data into the form, the user can scroll to the last record and then down once more to move to a blank record.
Data can then be typed into the fields and the TAB key can be pressed to move between fields on the form. To save both changed and new records on a form, pull down the Action menu and choose the Save menu item.
These statements are submitted as a single logical unit of work. Thus if a failure occurs during any of the statements, the entire transaction will be rolled back. If the user attempts to clear the block or exit the form and there are some changes that have not yet been applied to the database, they will be prompted to commit the changes before exiting or clearing the form.
The block is cleared when the Enter Query mode is invoked. A block can also be cleared using the Clear Block and Clear Form menu items. To exit from a running form, pull down the Action menu and select the Exit menu item.
As a review, here are a few basic functions that can be performed by default in any Form: Forms function Notes Querying a form To see all records in the table, simply "Execute Query" via Query menu or by pressing F8 in Windows. To filter the record, "enter query" mode, specify the query parameters in the fields and then "Execute Query". Inserting new records Scroll to the last record and then scroll once more to get a blank record.
Type in data for each field and then commit these changes by pulling down the Action menu and choose the Save menu item. Updating existing records Query the database and scroll to the record of interest. Change the values in the fields and then save the changes. Deleting records Query the database and scroll to the record of interest.
Pull down the Records menu and choose Delete record. Then save the changes. In such cases, all of the detail records should be deleted first and then the master record should be able to be deleted.
In the layout wizard, use the Tabular layout and display 5 Records in the form. Add a scrollbar. Save the form under the file name: depart. In an Entity-Relationship diagram, these are shown as "One to Many" relationships. In a physical database design, a single Master record references one or more detail records in another table. A record in the detail table will relate to exactly one master record in the master table. Another name for this relationship is called parent-child. A Department with many Employees.
An Employee with many Dependents. A Company with many Branch Offices. A Recipe with many RecipeSteps. An Inventory location with many Inventory Items.
Oracle Forms implements the master-detail relationship using two data blocks. The first block corresponds to the master table and the second block corresponds to the detail table. There are two major functions in a Master-Detail form: Oracle Forms coordinates values between the two blocks through a series of form and block level triggers.
Oracle Forms guarantees that the detail block will display only records that are associated with the current record in the master block. Note that a Master-Detail form is simply one way of viewing the data in two related tables. Forms do not affect the schema in terms of creating, dropping or enforcing database level referential integrity constraints.
The form will allow a user to query a given department in the company and then will display all of the employees in that company. The schema used is the same one suggested in the Prerequisites section at the beginning of this tutorial. Create a new form by pulling down the File menu and choosing the New menu item. Then choose Form from the flyout menu. Briefly: Pull down the Tools menu and choose the Data Block wizard.
Create the data block and then go on to the Layout wizard. Apply the Department data block to a new canvas. Add all of the columns as Displayed Items. Change the labels to: Dept.
Name Dept. Number Mgr. Ssn Mgr. Start Date Choose a Form layout. Specify a frame title of "Departments" and select only 1 record to be displayed. Save the form as deptemp. After this first step, the deptemp form should look like the following: 7. Pull down the Tools menu and choose the Data Block wizard.
The wizard can construct the relationship based on table level constraints it learns from the database schema. However, such relationships are not always implemented in table level constraints. The developer can also specify the relationship manually. In this case, the relationship will be specified manually. De-select the Auto-join data blocks option. Click on the Create Relationship button to list the available data blocks. In the figure below, the Object Navigator has several new objects on it including Relations.
There are several interesting properties in the relations property sheet: Name - The name of the Relation. This is typically made up of the names of the blocks.
Relation Type - The type of the relation: Join or Ref. A Join relation uses the typical SQL join in the Where clause to bring the two tables data blocks together. The Ref relation type is used for abstract data types and object references.
Detail Data Block - The name of the detail data block specified when the detail data block was created. Join Condition - This is the join condition in effect for queries to the database. This was specified when the detail data block was created. Delete Record Behavior - Used to specify how the deletion of a record in the master block affects records in the detail block. It supports the following settings: Non-isolated: Prevents the deletion of a master record if associated detail records exist in the database.
Isolated: Deleting the master record will not affect the associated detail records in the database. Cascading: Deletes the master record and automatically deletes any associated detail records. Coordination - Deferred - Indicates when detail records should be queried when a master record is queried. Yes: Form does not query the detail records until the user navigates to the detail block. No: Detail records are fetched immediately when a user queries the master record.
Deferred is sometimes set to Yes in cases where there are a lot of detail records for each master record. In such cases, a lot of data must be queried and delivered to the client each time a new record is displayed in the master block. When Deferred is set to Yes, the user can scroll down to the master record of interest and then navigate to the detail block CTRL-PageDown to query the related detail records.
Coordination - Auto-query - Applied to deferred queries only Yes: the query is automatically executed when the user navigates to the detail block. No: the query must be executed manually by the user after they navigate to the detail block. Prevent Masterless operation - Specifies whether users are allowed to query or insert records in a detail block when no master record is in place.
Yes: Users may not query or insert when no master record is in place. No: Users may query or insert when no master record is in place. These settings are used to "tune" the overall performance of a master-detail form. As mentioned above, in cases where a large number of detail records are associated with each master record, it is a good idea to set coordination-Deferred to Yes to avoid unnecessary transfers of data between the server and client.
This will also speed up the display of master records as the user can freely scroll through them without a pause to query and deliver the detail records. These procedures are used to coordinate the query and navigation of the detail records when the master record is changed e.
The text after the -- two minus signs are comments. If the Deferred Coordination property is set to false, then the detail block is automatically queried. In this case, if any of the detail records have been inserted, updated or deleted, the changes must be saved into the database before the detail block can be cleared.
If there are any outstanding changes to be saved, the user will be prompted to save those changes before the detail bock is cleared. For example, consider a Customer listing with detail on Orders a customer has placed. For each Order, there are then many Items. The steps outlined above can be repeated allowing several levels of detail to be added.
Each additional level of detail will add a new block that is related to the level above it. Employee will be the Master block and Dependents will be the Detail block. Use the Form layout and only display one record at a time. Go back to the Object Navigator and select the "Data Blocks" tree.
Create the Dependents data block and include all of the columns. SSN for the join relationship. The ESSN field will remain part of the data block but it will not be visible on the form. Choose a Tabular style and display 4 up to records at once with 0 space between each record. Save the form using the name: empdepn.
Navigate back to the Employee block and attempt to scroll to another employee record. A prompt should be displayed to save the new Dependent record. While in the Master block for Employees, scroll to an employee who has some dependents. Try to delete the Employee record and see if an error message appears. Notice now that the detail records will not be displayed automatically.
Navigate to the Dependents block and hit the Execute query button or pull down the Query menu and choose Execute. Notice that only those Dependent records matching the Employee are displayed. For example, in the Employee form, it might be difficult to have all of the department numbers memorized when inserting new employee data.
One solution to this problem is to make a list of appropriate values available when the user navigates to Department Number field DNO.
The next section will illustrate creating LOVs for fields. These examples are based on the single block Employee form created at the beginning of this tutorial. To prepare for this part of the tutorial, close any forms you currently have open by pulling down the File menu and selecting the Close menu item.
Once all of the forms are closed, pull down the File menu and choose the Open menu item to open up the employee. A List of Values is based on a Record Group. In Oracle Forms, a record group is a query that returns some collection of records. Record groups can be used to populate blocks or LOVs and they can be used in procedures.
At that time, the query associated with the record group is executed and the results are displayed in a pop up window. Once the user makes a selection from the list, the value or values are returned to the form and placed in the appropriate fields. Then pull down the Navigator menu and choose the Create menu item. Make sure this selection is highlighted and then click the Next button.
In most cases, you will not have a record group created previously. However, one can be created on the fly at this point by specifying a query. The next step is to specify which columns in the record group will be returned to for use by the LOV. The next step is to specify the display properties of the LOV columns and also to map the LOV item to the field on the form. DNO field and click on the OK button.
Note that if your LOV contains more than one item, at this time you would also map them as well this is not the case with this example, but in the next example we will need to map two LOV columns. Click on the Next button. Specify a title for LOV window.
At this point you may also specify the size and positioning of the LOV. For this example, leave them as the defaults and click the Next button. The advanced properties relate to how the records should be fetched for the LOV. If there are many hundreds or thousands of possible records returned by the LOV, you may consider changing these options.
Otherwise, for this example, simply click Next. In this final step, the LOV is returning some columns and they were assigned to fields on the form in a previous step. At this point, we need to associate the LOV with a particular item on the form. DNO field. DNO and click the Next button. In the figure below, the LOV has been created. Depending on what other parts of this tutorial you have completed, the default name may be slightly different.
Save, Compile and Run the form. When entering new data, navigate to the DNO Department number field. Notice at the bottom of the form, a message appears: List of Values indicating a list of values is available for this field. To see the appropriate keys to press, pull down the Help menu and choose the Keys item. However, in the prior example, the department numbers may not have meaning to the user. It would be more helpful to include the name of the department both in the pop-up list of values and on the form.
A trigger will be created to handle this functionality. Finally, the list of values will be changed to include the Department name in the LOV. Save the form at this point by pulling down the File menu and choosing the Save option. POST- Trigger fires after an event is executed. WHEN- Trigger fires in place of the execution of an event. KEY- Trigger fires when a particular key is pressed.
Switch to the Object Navigator view by clicking on the Tools menu and choosing the Object Navigator menu item. Click on the Triggers property and create a new trigger by pulling down the Navigator menu and choosing the Create menu item. A list of possible trigger names appears. Pull down the Navigator menu and choose the Create menu item. Choose the LOV Wizard. Then add a non-base table field for the last name of the department manager and create an LOV to populate it: Create a new form called departmg.
The form should look like the following: 9. By storing a Program Unit within a form, many blocks in the form can take advantage of the same procedure which reduces code duplication and improves the maintainability of the code. Such Stored Program Units also called Stored Procedures are ideal for situations where highly standardized business rules or applications logic must be implemented across many forms or applications. In addition, procedures that require several queries be made to the database may be best implemented in the database as this reduces the network traffic and can significantly improve performance.
This flexibility allows application designers extensive control over the execution of applications and facilitates performance tuning. Be sure it is a non-database field and that a user will not be able to navigate there, insert, update or delete data in the field.
To create this procedure, switch to the Object Navigator and scroll down to the Program Units branch. A dialog box will appear asking you to name the new procedure. Type in the following procedure body. An explanation of each part of the procedure is given afterwards: -- Given an Employee's SSN, return the number of other employees -- in the same department. Any lines starting with -- are comments and are ignored by Oracle forms.
The last END statement ends the body of the procedure. Be sure to check to see that the procedure compiles by clicking on the Compile button. Any errors in the procedure will be highlighted. THEN statements. A pop up list of trigger names will appear. The procedure is stored as part of the form's source code and is compiled when the form is built. A remote access from the procedure to the database passing a SQL query.
A remote return from the database containing a count. A small amount of processing in the procedure IF A local return from the procedure to the trigger. In this exchange, the highest costs are incurred by the network traffic required to go back and forth between client and server steps 2 and 3. The lowest costs are incurred by the local calls between trigger and procedure and the local processing steps 1, 4 and 5. In this example, the SQL Query in steps 2 and 3 does not return a significant amount of data.
However, there are situations where, if a large amount of data were to be returned for each query, such queries would severely impact performance. One solution to this problem is to move the queries and as much processing as possible "closer" to the data in the database.
Please contact your DBA to obtain this authorization. After submitting a trigger or a stored procedure, any errors found during compilation can be displayed using the show errors command. No errors.
Save the form, compile, generate and run it. From there, a list of schemas users will appear. Scroll down to your username and open it up. Then open up the Stored Program Units tree. A list of your stored procedure should then appear. In this section, a few of the most commonly used triggers and procedures are described.
A trigger to do this could be created at the block level and should execute before any new record is inserted into the database. For each new record to be inserted, a full table scan must be done to find the largest identifier.
One solution to this problem is to use an Oracle Sequence. An Oracle Sequence is a schema object that keeps track of a simple integer and automatically increments this counter when it is accessed.
After that, accessing the sequence will produce an error. This is reasonable since it is highly unlikely an organization will ever have more than departments. A trigger to do this would be created at the block level and should execute before any new record is inserted into the database. INTO statement to consistently return a single value. The nextval accessed in the sequence will return the current sequence value and then automatically increment it to the next value. Oracle Sequences are not applicable for master-detail forms such as purchase orders where an item number needs to be assigned in the detail table.
For example, purchase order items are typically numbered: 1, 2, The next PO will also number the items 1, 2, 3, An Oracle Sequence is designed to deliver unique identifiers for primary keys and should not be used for such item numbers. It is possible to add constraints to the database tables themselves in order to enforce constraints, however, the enforcement only takes place when a transaction reaches the database.
In addition, many constraints on the data that involve values of data from other tables may not be easily implemented as table constraints. Many types of constraints on data can be checked in the client using triggers. A better approach may be to force the user's attention to the problem.
This can be accomplished by creating a pop-up dialog box that forces the user to read the message and click an OK button or some other button. In Oracle Forms, this is called an Alert. Pull down the Navigator menu and choose Create. Oracle 10g architecture free oracle sql developer 2. Lead software developer with over years of experience in oracle, i, i, g oracle forms, i, i oracle designer, i oracle reports thru i. Oracle sql developer guide oracle sql developer documentation pdf oracle pl sql books pdf free lista sorteo navidad Oracle forms developer tutorial oracle pl sql devekoper 11g pdf oracle 11g developer guide pdf The infoworld test center puts oracle s forms developer i for linux through its paces linux-based java developers will appreciate the tool s easy-to-use interface and rapid java.
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